Douyin (douyin.com APK) is a free Video Players app owned by China’s young tech giant, Bytedance. The app, which means "Shaking Sound" in Chinese, allows users to create, edit, and share short videos. Users can also live stream with music in the background. The app comes with a wide range of effects, allowing users to create funny, original ... En Douyin, los vídeos cortos que vemos se adaptan a nuestros hábitos y gustos. También podemos descubrir nuevos contenidos y creadores. Hay vídeos cortos de todo tipo: bailes, contenido humorístico, belleza, deporte, vlogs, etc. La app cuenta con una recopilación de las canciones más populares del momento, las cuales podemos usar para ... Douyin short video is a music creative short video app, a product subordinated to Headlines Today, which entered into short video industry by means of "music + short video +socializing" with a latest valuation of USD 22 billion. On January 31, 2018, Douyin app topped Apple Store (free) shooting and recording list (free).Cách tải và sử dụng Douyin (TikTok Trung Quốc) có thể bạn chưa biết. Thứ Sáu 23/09/2022. Marketing & SEO. Douyin là một ứng dụng ăn khách tại Trung Quốc. Tiền thân của TikTok thu hút người dùng bởi những video mãn nhãn, đầu tư chỉn chu, tỉ mỉ.In 2019, Douyin limited users in teenager mode to 40 minutes per day, accessible only between the hours of 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. Then, in 2021, it made the use of teenager mode mandatory for users ...Learn how to install the Douyin app, the Chinese version of TikTok, on your smartphone. Find out the differences between Douyin and TikTok, and the methods to download the …Di Douyin, video pendek yang kamu tonton disesuaikan dengan kebiasaan dan selera kamu. Kamu juga bisa menemukan konten dan kreator baru. Terdapat berbagai jenis video pendek: menari, konten humor, kecantikan, olahraga, vlog, dll. Aplikasi ini mempunyai kompilasi akan lagu-lagu yang paling hits, yang bisa kamu gunakan untuk menunjang …Download Douyin apps for Android - APKMirror Free and safe Android APK downloads. APKMirror . Free and safe ... Premium; APKMirror . ×. APKMirror Premium; Sign in to Premium; Advertisement Remove ads, dark theme, and more with Premium. Latest Douyin Uploads. 抖音 - 記錄美好生活 16.4.15. 2 variants. February 26, 2024. February 26, 2024 ...Learn how to get the Chinese version of TikTok, Douyin, on your Android or iOS device. Follow the steps to download the APK file or change your App Store country or region …To begin, open the Chrome app (or any other browser) and navigate to the official Douyin website, or click here to be redirected. Then, as seen below, click on the “Download APK” option to start the download process. When the “Download file” question appears, select “Download” to proceed.Douyin in August 2019, the platform’s general manager, Zhang Nan, claimed the app’s development was ‘beyond expectation’ as Douyin’s daily active users had reached 320 million (China ...According to Douyin’s 2020 statistic report, its Daily Active User (DAU) rate surpassed 600 million and its Monthly Active User (MAU) rate was over 550 million. The ByteDance-owned short video platform is also the only social media platform that has sponsored the Spring Festival Gala twice. Douyin (douyin.com APK) is a free Video Players app owned by China’s young tech giant, Bytedance. The app, which means "Shaking Sound" in Chinese, allows users to create, edit, and share short videos. Users can also live stream with music in the background. The app comes with a wide range of effects, allowing users to create funny, original ... 抖音是一个帮助用户表达自我，记录美好生活的短视频平台。 记录美好在抖音 智能匹配音乐、一键卡点视频，还有超多原创特效、滤镜、场景切换帮你一秒变大片，让你的生活轻松记录在抖音！ 实用内容在抖音 生活妙招、美食做法、旅行攻略、科技知识、新闻时事、同城资讯，你需要的实用 ... 抖音服务市场平台类应用在移动端（抖音app）内的呈现形式有两种，分别是以H5和小程序为载体。 服务商需要开发自己的服务抖音小程序或者H5应用，用户在抖音app内完成订购后，可直接打开抖音小程序或者H5应用进行使用。 The difference between TikTok and Douyin. In China, TikTok is known as Douyin (抖音 dǒuyīn), and both apps are made by Bytedance, a Beijing-based internet company. But the two apps are not exactly the same. For the New Yorker, Jia Tolentino describes in gorgeous detail (porous paywall — definitely worth the click) the addictive …Douyin APK is the Chinese equivalent of the wildly popular TikTok app, known and loved by users worldwide. But Douyin isn't just a clone, it's a tailored platform designed specifically for the Chinese audience. Like its international sibling, Douyin allows users to create and share short video clips, often set to music or audio snippets. En Douyin, los vídeos cortos que vemos se adaptan a nuestros hábitos y gustos. También podemos descubrir nuevos contenidos y creadores. Hay vídeos cortos de todo tipo: bailes, contenido humorístico, belleza, deporte, vlogs, etc. La app cuenta con una recopilación de las canciones más populares del momento, las cuales podemos usar para ... Douyin users tend to spend a significant amount of time on the platform, with the average user spending almost an hour per day on the app. ⭐ POPULAR CONTENT: Douyin is home to a diverse range of content, from lipsyncing and dance videos to comedy sketches and product reviews.Mini Programs on Douyin in 2023. Douyin, like other Chinese super apps such as WeChat, Alipay, and Baidu, have launched mini programs. Mini programs function as lightweight apps within Douyin. This allows Douyin users access to third-party functionalities without leaving the app or needing to install a new app.Download Douyin from Uptodown and enjoy the short videos app for China. Douyin is the same as TikTok, but with local content and features adapted to the Asian market.Feb 23, 2024 · Douyin is a video app that helps users express themselves and record a good life. You can shoot, edit, share, and discover creative videos, music, dance, live broadcasts, and more on Douyin. Douyin users tend to spend a significant amount of time on the platform, with the average user spending almost an hour per day on the app. ⭐ POPULAR CONTENT: Douyin is home to a diverse range of content, from lipsyncing and dance videos to comedy sketches and product reviews.375 likes, 1 comments - exo.mediaApril 22, 2024 on : "240422 | LAY Douyin update with Psychic dance challenge ️ ️EXO-Ls, please vote for LAY “Psychic” song on …It is not the first time Douyin has asked users to pay to watch videos on the app. In 2021, it allowed some short-form dramas – budgeted productions with each episode lasting only a few minutes ...Douyin Lite App, with its minimalist design, rich content, and immersive high-definition experience, introduces a novel platform for short video viewing. This article aims to assist you in downloading the app and exploring more incredible moments. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below. ...by Mossy Wittenberg. Zihao Zhang, a classmate of mine at Tsinghua University in Beijing, has over 100,000 followers on Douyin, China’s wildly popular short video app. His most …For starters, Douyin makeup originated on the app by Chinese makeup influencers whereas Korean beauty is a more culturally encompassing style that’s been around for ages.TikTok, known as Douyin in its home market, was launched in China in September 2016. It quickly started to gain traction in China and parent company ByteDance launched an international version the following year. Originally launched as a short-form video sharing platform, primarily for lipsyncing and dancing videos, TikTok has grown …Douyin (douyin.com APK) is a free Video Players app owned by China’s young tech giant, Bytedance. The app, which means "Shaking Sound" in Chinese, allows users to create, edit, and share short videos. Users can also live stream with music in the background.The app comes with a wide range of effects, allowing users to create funny, …PDF | On Jan 1, 2022, Yue Gu and others published The Research on the Development of Tourism Short Videos Based on the Post-Epidemic Era ——Take DouYin App as An Example: Take DouYin App as An ...Vậy cách tải (TikTok Trung Quốc) Douyin trên nền tảng Xiaomi đơn giản nhất, các bước sau đây: Bước 1: Vào m.app.mi.com, tại thanh tìm kiếm dán từ “抖音” > Sau đó ấn Enter để tiếp tục. Bước 2: Chọn Tải ứng dụng (Lệnh này …Douyin, one of the biggest marketing channels in China, is simply the equivalent of the Western famous TikTok, in fact, it’s the mother app and Chinese version of Tik Tok used in Mainland China. Massively …Như vậy Douyin là ứng dụng ghi lại những video ngắn cực kỳ thú vị và hiện đang là app hot nhất 2022. Với nội dung chất lượng, phần mềm luôn thu hút người dùng nhất là giới trẻ hiện nay.Douyin (douyin.com APK) is a free Video Players app owned by China’s young tech giant, Bytedance. The app, which means "Shaking Sound" in Chinese, allows users to create, edit, and share short videos. Users can also live stream with music in the background.The app comes with a wide range of effects, allowing users to create funny, original, and good …Douyin APK is the Chinese equivalent of the wildly popular TikTok app, known and loved by users worldwide. But Douyin isn't just a clone, it's a tailored platform designed specifically for the Chinese audience. Like its international sibling, Douyin allows users to create and share short video clips, often set to music or audio snippets.Douyin logo.svg. File. File history. File usage. Metadata. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 500 × 196 pixels. Other resolutions: 320 × 125 pixels | 640 × 251 pixels | 1,024 × 401 pixels | 1,280 × 502 pixels | 2,560 × 1,004 pixels. Original file (SVG file, nominally 500 × 196 pixels, file size: 6 KB)Cách tải và sử dụng Douyin (TikTok Trung Quốc) có thể bạn chưa biết. Thứ Sáu 23/09/2022. Marketing & SEO. Douyin là một ứng dụng ăn khách tại Trung Quốc. Tiền thân của TikTok thu hút người dùng bởi những video mãn nhãn, đầu tư chỉn chu, tỉ mỉ.TikTok and Douyin’s Android apps share many parts of their source code. We postulate that ByteDance develops TikTok and Douyin starting out from a common code base and applies different customizations according to market needs. We observed that some of these customizations can be turned on or off by different server-returned …The Bytedance-owned app grew its user base by 27.8% to 442.6 million users in 2020, accounting for more than half of China’s mobile internet users who use the short-form video app, according to ... 抖音 ( pinyin : Dǒu yīn ), the Chinese version of TikTok by ByteDance, is a vibrant platform for creative video content. Record beautiful life with smart music matching, one-tap video creation, and a plethora of original effects, filters, and scene transitions. Douyin is a treasure trove of practical content, covering travel, food ... Apr 4, 2023 · Volviendo a la multifuncionalidad de Douyin, las agencias de marketing digital destacan todo lo que puede hacerse en la app, más allá de subir e interactuar con videos como en TikTok. Dec 26, 2023 · A Douyin video downloader without watermark is a app that allows users to download Douyin videos and save them on their devices without any visible watermarks. These tools employ advanced algorithms to remove the watermarks while ensuring the integrity of the original video content. Features. Content. Usage. Privacy and security concerns. Controversies. Restrictions and bans. Partnerships. See also. Notes. References. External links. TikTok, whose …The difference between TikTok and Douyin. In China, TikTok is known as Douyin (抖音 dǒuyīn), and both apps are made by Bytedance, a Beijing-based internet company. But the two apps are not exactly the same. For the New Yorker, Jia Tolentino describes in gorgeous detail (porous paywall — definitely worth the click) the addictive …President Joe Biden’s campaign says it will continue to use its account on TikTok even after he signed legislation into law that forces its parent company, Beijing-based ByteDance …Jan 22, 2024 · For the week of January 22-28, 2024, we welcome you to a new and exciting edition of the ‘Weekly Douyin Rankings’. Dive into the heart of China’s most engaging and trending topics on Douyin, the country’s vibrant social media platform. This week promises to showcase the latest trends captivating audiences with massive viewership ... Fill up a random Billing Address, you can refer to the screenshot below for an example, then tap Next, following with a Done. Now, back at the Search page of the App Store, search for “Douyin”, or enter “抖音” (without quotes). You’ll be able to recognize Douyin for having the same logo as Tiktok and make sure it ...抖音是一个帮助用户表达自我，记录美好生活的短视频平台。 记录美好在抖音 智能匹配音乐、一键卡点视频，还有超多原创特效、滤镜、场景切换帮你一秒变大片，让你的生活轻松记录在抖音！ 实用内容在抖音 生活妙招、美食做法、旅行攻略、科技知识、新闻时事、同城资讯，你需要的实用 ...According to Douyin’s 2020 statistic report, its Daily Active User (DAU) rate surpassed 600 million and its Monthly Active User (MAU) rate was over 550 million. The ByteDance-owned short video platform is also the only social media platform that has sponsored the Spring Festival Gala twice.Douyin is China's most downloaded video-sharing platform feeding light-hearted content to its 400 million daily viewers. Popular in non-tier 1 cities, Douyin provides editing features …Douyin in August 2019, the platform’s general manager, Zhang Nan, claimed the app’s development was ‘beyond expectation’ as Douyin’s daily active users had reached 320 million (China ...Feb 23, 2024 · Douyin is a video app that helps users express themselves and record a good life. You can shoot, edit, share, and discover creative videos, music, dance, live broadcasts, and more on Douyin. Douyin is a video app that helps users express themselves and record a good life. Everyone can shoot their own creative videos here. Rich music media library, original filter special effects, more possibilities for video recording and editing; personal talent, daily memorabilia, music and dance, life skills, plot interpretation, the protagonist ...Technology. Douyin: the app making more noise than TikTok in China. Created by ByteDance as TikTok’s sister app, Douyin is sparking a consumer rights revolution in …375 likes, 1 comments - exo.mediaApril 22, 2024 on : "240422 | LAY Douyin update with Psychic dance challenge ️ ️EXO-Ls, please vote for LAY “Psychic” song on … 汽水音乐是抖音官方出品的一款音乐app，可以帮你发现更多好音乐。汽水音乐APP产品拥有千万量级曲库，支持海量音乐随心听，同时具备个性化推荐、分类电台、特色榜单等功能，汽水音乐官网帮助你发现小众好音乐拒绝千篇一律 。 Douyin users aged under 14 will be limited to 40 minutes a day on the platform. ... Parent company Bytedance announced the app’s Youth Mode in a blog post, saying it is the first short-video ...As of September 2023, Douyin, the Chinese sister app of TikTok, reported to have 89.8 percent of its users streaming live content in China. The Beijing-based short video …Cách tải và sử dụng Douyin (TikTok Trung Quốc) có thể bạn chưa biết. Thứ Sáu 23/09/2022. Marketing & SEO. Douyin là một ứng dụng ăn khách tại Trung Quốc. Tiền thân của TikTok thu hút người dùng bởi những video mãn nhãn, đầu tư chỉn chu, tỉ mỉ.Douyin users tend to spend a significant amount of time on the platform, with the average user spending almost an hour per day on the app. ⭐ POPULAR CONTENT: Douyin is home to a diverse range of content, from lipsyncing and dance videos to comedy sketches and product reviews.Douyin (douyin.com APK) is a free Video Players app owned by China’s young tech giant, Bytedance. The app, which means "Shaking Sound" in Chinese, allows users to create, edit, and share short videos. Users can also live stream with music in the background.The app comes with a wide range of effects, allowing users to create funny, …Jan 11, 2023 · The Video Super App in China. Douyin ( 抖音, meaning “shaking sound” in Chinese) is China’s leading destination for short-video content. Released in 2016, the Douyin app has evolved into a super app that currently covers short and mid-video content, livestreaming, and e-commerce. Together, these features interconnect and empower users ... 抖音 ( pinyin : Dǒu yīn ), the Chinese version of TikTok by ByteDance, is a vibrant platform for creative video content. Record beautiful life with smart music matching, one-tap video creation, and a plethora of original effects, filters, and scene transitions. Douyin is a treasure trove of practical content, covering travel, food ... by Mossy Wittenberg. Zihao Zhang, a classmate of mine at Tsinghua University in Beijing, has over 100,000 followers on Douyin, China’s wildly popular short video app. His most …Jul 6, 2021 · Step 1: Change your region to mainland China to find Douyin in the App Store. Open the App Store on your device, and go ahead and click on the profile icon in the top right. Press your name on the screen, and head over to “Country/region”. You’ll be able to change this into “mainland China”, which is perfect to get on the Chinese TikTok. 抖音Douyin Lite App Download. 抖音极速版 (pinyin : Dǒu yīn jísù bǎn) Douyin Lite. Douyin is the Chinese version of TikTok, someone might call it TikTok China or Chinese TikTok. Douyin Lite focuses on providing a lightweight video viewing experience, rapidly uncovering fascinating content. This version offers a wide range of engaging ... Douyin - TikTok Trung Quốc APP. Douyin (douyin.com APK) is a free Video Players app owned by China’s young tech giant, Bytedance. The app, which means "Shaking Sound" in Chinese, allows users to create, edit, and share short videos. Users can also live stream with music in the background. The app comes with a wide range of effects, allowing ... Wang, Y. Humor and camera view on mobile short-form video apps influence user experience and technology-adoption intent, an example of TikTok (DouYin). Comput. Hum.Douyin is TikTok Chinese version. Here in Douyin you can share your life, meet new friends and learn all kinds of interesting stories around the world. Features of Douyin: - Personalized content for you. Douyin shows you with personalized video content according to your tastes so you can keep enjoying things you are interested in.Di Douyin, video pendek yang kamu tonton disesuaikan dengan kebiasaan dan selera kamu. Kamu juga bisa menemukan konten dan kreator baru. Terdapat berbagai jenis video pendek: menari, konten humor, kecantikan, olahraga, vlog, dll. Aplikasi ini mempunyai kompilasi akan lagu-lagu yang paling hits, yang bisa kamu gunakan untuk menunjang …Builds the app for production to the build folder. It correctly bundles React in production mode and optimizes the build for the best performance. The build is minified and the … Tap Douyin - Chinese Tiktok.apk. Tap Install. Follow the steps on screen. Read more. 抖音 Douyin for TV; Douyin for PC (Win/Mac) Mobile App Before we delve into the desktop version, let’s take a moment for the Mobile Douyin App. If you haven’t yet explored it, you can easily download the Douyin App for both Android and iOS platforms. Follow the steps to Download Douyin App and immerse yourself in the world of captivating content. Softonic review. Create and share videos with this free app. Douyin - Free Chinese Tiktok app is a free short-form video sharing app where you can watch videos ranging from 15 seconds to 10 minutes long. This social media app from TikTok PTE.ltd. is the Chinese version of TikTok and only shows content from the Chinese server.. Similar to Likee and …Apr 11, 2018 · “Douyin addiction” is one of the app’s marketing catchphrases. Indeed, Douyin boasts a seven-day retention rate of 73.8 percent , only slightly behind industry leader Kuaishou’s 74.5 percent . Feb 22, 2024. TikTok's sister app Douyin has amassed 752 million monthly active users in China in November 2023. Apart from Douyin, Bytedance also owned other beloved short video platforms Xigua ...May 18, 2018 · Douyin’s content and overall concept are closely similar to Musical.ly, which the app’s parent company Bytedance bought last year for US $1 billion. The videos cover a range of topics but almost all are short and have musical backing, and many feature special effects, like filters and boomerang, from the app’s built-in editing tools. How to get Douyin video links on mobile phone. Step 1: Open the Douyin app on your mobile phone and find the video for which you want to obtain the link. Step 2: Tap on the “Share” button, which is usually located on the right-hand side of the screen, and has an arrow pointing to the right. Step 3: Find and tap on the “Copy link” icon ...Douyin users tend to spend a significant amount of time on the platform, with the average user spending almost an hour per day on the app. ⭐ POPULAR CONTENT: Douyin is home to a diverse range of content, from lipsyncing and dance videos to comedy sketches and product reviews.Douyin, also known as Tik Tok, is a social network app that lets users create and share 15-second lip-sync and dance videos. Launched in 2016, it has 32.5 million users and …Mar 13, 2024 · Douyin, the Chinese version of TikTok, can be accessed from the US on some devices, but not on iOS. The site offers a variety of content categories, but some lawmakers want to ban TikTok and its foreign adversary-owned app. Jan 7, 2020 · The , called Douyin, has amassed 400 million daily active users, parent company ByteDance revealed in its . This is an impressive growth for the addictive video app, which had 250 million daily ... Douyin short video is a music creative short video app, a product subordinated to Headlines Today, which entered into short video industry by means of "music + short video +socializing" with a latest valuation of USD 22 billion. On January 31, 2018, Douyin app topped Apple Store (free) shooting and recording list (free).
Perlu dicatat, aplikasi ini sebenarnya bernama TikTok 18 atau TikTok for Adults, bukan douyin 18. Pada dasarnya, Douyin18 (TikTok khusus dewasa) punya cara kerja yang sama seperti TikTok versi orisinal. Perbedaannya hanya pada akses konten dewasa 18+ yang dianggap ilegal atau konten yang dibatasi oleh pihak TikTok.. Signup.com login
To begin, open the Chrome app (or any other browser) and navigate to the official Douyin website, or click here to be redirected. Then, as seen below, click on the “Download APK” option to start the download process. When the “Download file” question appears, select “Download” to proceed.Truy cập vào Appstore, tìm Douyin, chọn biểu tượng đầu tiên là tải về là hoàn thành. Vậy là mình đã hướng dẫn cho các bạn xong cách có thể tải Tiktok Trung Quốc trên iPhone cực đơn giản. chúc các bạn thực hiện thành công!抖音1:24. Presumptive Republican nominee Donald Trump sought to blame President Joe Biden for legislation that would force the sale of social media platform TikTok, even though he …Jan 19, 2024 · Vậy cách tải Douyin là gì trên nền tảng nổi tiếng này. Bước 1: Bạn truy cập vào “ baidu.com ”, trên thanh công cụ tìm kiếm bạn nhập “ Douyin ”. Sau đó chọn “ Download ” tại mục TikTok. Màn hình sẽ hiển thị một thông báo về file sẽ có thể gây hại cho thiết bị của ... Tiếp đến nhập 抖音 vào ô tìm kiếm, ấn search để tìm kiếm ứng dụng TikTok Trung Quốc. Truy cập vào app.xiaomi.com trên máy. Bước 2: Bạn nhấn vào nút màu xanh có dòng chữ [免费下载] trên màn hình để tải ứng dụng về điện thoại. Chọn 免费下载 để tải Douyin APK ứng ...PDF | On Jan 1, 2022, Yue Gu and others published The Research on the Development of Tourism Short Videos Based on the Post-Epidemic Era ——Take DouYin App as An Example: Take DouYin App as An ...The Douyin app allows users to create short videos, usually around 15 s and less than 2 min. The short videos are essentially composed of four parts: the video itself, video description, likes, and comments; most videos featuring music in the background. In addition, users can edit and share such short videos as well as Livestream .抖音让每一个人看见并连接更大的世界，鼓励表达、沟通和记录，激发创造，丰富人们的精神世界，让现实生活更美好。How to Download Douyin App Videos Without Watermark#抖音 #tiktok #douyin #douyinwithoutwatermark🏅 Romantic and Aesthetic Editing With Capcut.https://youtu.be/...Download Douyin apps for Android - APKMirror Free and safe Android APK downloads. APKMirror . Free and safe ... Premium; APKMirror . ×. APKMirror Premium; Sign in to Premium; Advertisement Remove ads, dark theme, and more with Premium. Latest Douyin Uploads. 抖音 - 記錄美好生活 16.4.15. 2 variants. February 26, 2024. February 26, 2024 ...According to Douyin’s 2020 statistic report, its Daily Active User (DAU) rate surpassed 600 million and its Monthly Active User (MAU) rate was over 550 million. The ByteDance-owned short video platform is also the only social media platform that has sponsored the Spring Festival Gala twice.Download by using your browsers: I want to keep things simple for you. No need to download or install any software. I make an application for this purpose as well but you can only install whenever you like. Go back to SnapTik.App and paste your download link to the field above then click to the Download button.The app dominating iPhone downloads this year isn’t the one many would’ve expected. The Chinese mini-music-video social network Douyin was the most downloaded iOS app in the first quarter of ...Tải Douyin APK trên app.xiaomi.com. Đối với cách tải trên app.xiaomi.com bạn thực hiện các bước hướng dẫn chi tiết như sau: Bước 1: Mở trình duyệt Chrome trên điện thoại Android của bạn => nhập từ khóa app.xiaomi.com trên website. Tiếp đến nhập 抖音 vào ô tìm kiếm, ấn search ... 抖音 ( pinyin : Dǒu yīn ), the Chinese version of TikTok by ByteDance, is a vibrant platform for creative video content. Record beautiful life with smart music matching, one-tap video creation, and a plethora of original effects, filters, and scene transitions. Douyin is a treasure trove of practical content, covering travel, food ... Douyin (douyin.com APK) is a free Video Players app owned by China’s young tech giant, Bytedance. The app, which means "Shaking Sound" in Chinese, allows users to create, edit, and share short videos. Users can also live stream with music in the background. The app comes with a wide range of effects, allowing users to create funny, original ... Scanning the QR code on the page takes viewers to the app store, but it's not possible to install Douyin on a US iOS device. The Google Play Store's Douyin listing is viewable from US web browsers..